Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary - sullen
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Sullen
sullen
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1.
adjective Etymology: Middle English solein solitary, from Anglo-French sulein, solain, perhaps from sol, soul single, sole + -ain after Old French soltain solitary, private, from Late Latin solitaneus, ultimately from Latin solus alone Date: 14th century 1. a. gloomily or resentfully silent or repressed a ~ crowd b. suggesting a ~ state ; lowering a ~ countenance 2. dull or somber in sound or color 3. dismal, gloomy a ~ morning 4. moving sluggishly a ~ river • ~ly adverb • ~ness noun Synonyms: ~, glum, morose, surly, sulky, crabbed, saturnine, gloomy mean showing a forbidding or disagreeable mood. ~ implies a silent ill humor and a refusal to be sociable remained ~ amid the festivities. glum suggests a silent dispiritedness a glum candidate left to ponder a stunning defeat. morose adds to glum an element of bitterness or misanthropy morose job seekers who are inured to rejection. surly implies gruffness and ~ness of speech or manner a typical surly teenager. sulky suggests childish resentment expressed in peevish ~ness grew sulky after every spat. crabbed applies to a forbidding morose harshness of manner the school's notoriously crabbed headmaster. saturnine describes a heavy forbidding aspect or suggests a bitter disposition a saturnine cynic always finding fault. gloomy implies a depression in mood making for seeming ~ness or glumness a gloomy mood ushered in by bad news. ...Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary
2.
adj. & n. --adj. 1 morose, resentful, sulky, unforgiving, unsociable. 2 a (of a thing) slow-moving. b dismal, melancholy (a sullen sky). --n. (in pl., usu. prec. by the) archaic a sullen frame of mind; depression. Derivatives sullenly adv. sullenness n. Etymology: 16th-c. alt. of ME solein f. AF f. sol SOLE(3) ...Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference
3.
1. угрюмый; замкнутый; сердитый 2. печальный, мрачный; гнетущий; зловещий 3. мрачный, неяркий (о цвете) 4. приглушенный, низкий или печальный (о звуке) 5. упрямый, строптивый (обыкн. о животных) 6. медленно текущий (о воде и т. п.) ...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
4.
adj. 1) угрюмый, замкнутый, сердитый 2) мрачный; зловещий; гнетущий 3) медленно текущий (о ручье и т.п.) ...Англо-русский словарь
5.
- 1577, alteration of M.E. soleyn "unique, singular," from Anglo-Fr. *solein, formed on the pattern of O.Fr. soltain, from O.Fr. soul "single" (see sole (2)). The sense shift in M.E. from "solitary" to "morose" occurred between about 1380 and 1400. ...Английский Этимологический словарь
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